MacGyver Popular Culture ~ TELEVISION ~ Richard Dean Anderson played the title character and the show aired from 1985 and ran for 7 seasons. MacGyver was like James Bond minus the gadgets. He worked at the Phoenix Foundation, where he would be sent on missions. Often, he would be captured by the bad guys and escape by using a Swiss Army knife, duct tape, and everyday items. You can see reruns of MacGyver on TV Land. Some of the actors in Stargate SG-1 also appeared in episodes of MacGyver. Don S. Davis (Gen. Hammond) guest stared as Wyatt in "The Endangered" (319) (he was also Dana Elcar’s (Pete) body double). Tamsin Kelsey, Gairwyn in Thor’s Hammer (109) and Thor’s Chariot (206), played Lulu, a slightly ditzy woman who helps MacGyver save a Stradivarius violin and it’s virtuoso owner from some gangsters in "The Lost Amadeus" (518). Christopher Judge (Teal’c) portrayed Deron, a football obsessed student in a high-risk high school in "Live And Learn" (513). Peter Williams (Apophis) played "Moe" in "Collision Course" (405). Robin Mossley (Malikai in Window of Opportunity (404) and Reimer in Morpheus (1002)) also appeared on several episodes of MacGyver. He played "Wilt" on the episodes: "MacGyver’s Women" (608), "Hearts of Steel" (519), "The Lost Amadeus" (518), and "Serenity" (512). He played "charity Santa Claus" in "The Madonna" (511), "Alexander Shannon" in "Legend of the Holy Rose: Pts 1 & 2" (501-02), "Earl" in "The Endangered" (319), and "Wrigley" in "Jack in the Box" (307). Alessandro Juliani, who portrays Eliam & Katep, played Julio in The Madonna (511). Go here for a really cool fan site: RDA HomePage. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ When then Major Carter sees the DHD (Dial Home Device) on Abydos, she exclaims something to the effect of, "This is what was missing from the dig at Giza! It took us fifteen years and three super computers to MacGyver a system for the gate on Earth!" (101 – Children of the Gods). The third scientist, Meyers, who actually follows orders and returns to Earth at the beginning of Khonsu’s attack, had a role of duct tape attached to the back of his equipment belt (608 – The Other Guys). The Show (Stargate Atlåntis) ~ McKay compares himself to MacGyver when ordered to fix the hopelessly broken Jumper by Torrell, leader of the convicts (205 – Condemned).

Madrona Science/Botany ~ PACIFIC NORTHWEST ~ [American Spanish, from Spanish madroño, strawberry tree] (Also called madroño or madrone) A tree in the Heath Family (Ericaceae). Its scientific name is Arbutus menziescii and is known as the Pacific Madrona (there is a version that is native to Europe called Arbutus unedo). The Pacific Madrona is an evergreen with broad leathery, glossy leaves, white urn-shaped flowers, and orange or red edible berries. It also has a smooth, reddish-brown trunk, and sheds bark seasonally. They grow to 30-70 feet tall and often grow in dry or poor soil. Learn More: Strawberry Tree - Suite101.com, and Wallace W Hansen Native Plants of the Northwest Arbutus menziesii. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ The planet (PX7-941) which the Touchstone controls the weather. The people are a combination of Roman and Egyptian tribes (214 – Touchstone). It is approximately 14000 light years away. The SGC suggests it as a possible location for the citizens of Langara to relocate (714 – Fallout).

Magic Square / Lo Shu Square Mathematics and Legend ~ CHINA ~ A magic square is a square where it has been divided into a grid. With in that grid numbers have been arranged so that when added (in any direction), all equations equal the same number. The Lo Shu Square (also called "unique normal magic square of order three") dates to 2800 BC, and is the one used in this episode. It is a 3 x 3 grid (order three). According to legend, a turtle emerged from the flooding Lo River. The pattern of the magic square was on the shell of the turtle. The magic square on the turtle’s back had the sum of 15. Fifteen is also equal to the number of days in each of the 24 cycles of the Chinese solar year. Fifteen is also the number of days for the new moon to become a full moon. In a way, this pattern helped to control the flooding river. There are also other famous magic squares: The Kubera-Kolam from India which is an order three, Albrecht Dürer’s magic square which is an order four, and The Sagrada Família magic square which is an order four. There are also order four, order five, order eight, and order nine versions. Learn More: Magic square - Wikipedia. The Show (Stargate Atlåntis) ~ The Quindosim used an order three magic square to hide the Potentia (ZPM). They hid nine puzzle pieces on the planet that had the number 1 thorough 9 engraved on them. If the numbers are not in the correct order, a deadly poison is injected into the solver. Sheppard recognized it from the Mensa test, which he passed but declined membership. SGA was successful in solving the puzzle and retrieving the Potentia. However, Allina, a Daganian, reveals that she is a member of the New Brotherhood, and takes the Potentia to another planet to wait for the Lantians (116 – The Brotherhood).

Mahg Mar Myth ~ ANCIENT IRELAND ~ (Translation: Great Plain) Also spelled Mag Mór, it is a name for the Celtic Otherworld. It is also referred to as Tir Mar (Great Land). Midir, son of the goddess Danu, is the ruler of this area. It was also known as the "Land of the Dead," and is thought to be modern day Spain. Although, sometimes the Otherworld does not have a definite location; it "floats." It could exist anywhere and everywhere. When it was hidden by magic, it was called Sidhe (Sid or Sidh), a subterranean fortress (Translation: "Fairy Fort/Mounds"). In the Heaven-like Mahg Mar, men lived like gods and "lived in virtuous harmony with fair maidens." It is also said that music always played, there was no need for personal possessions, and the best intoxicating ale was plentiful. In the Otherworld, a year may seem to pass, but in the real world centuries may pass. The inhabitants do not age like normal mortals; their appearance was forever young. However, they can be killed, just like any mortal. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ The Stargate on planet P3X-289 was discovered 563 years ago in the Territory of Mahg Mar in the city of Danann’s ruins. The Stargate itself is called "The Gate of Mahg Mar," and was moved to the National Museum of History. The natives of the planet had forgotten about the Stargate until SG-1 prompted them to search the "Link." Morrígan once controlled this planet, however, she abandoned the planet for some unknown reason. After Morrígan left, the planet became technologically and scientifically advanced, although at the cost of the planets atmosphere, which became uninhabitable after an undefined cataclysmic event. They were able to create an artificial containment dome (powered by the heat of the planet’s core). The natives are taught by the "Link," which is an immense super-computer that is a database of all their knowledge (705 – Revisions).

Malchus Religion/History ~ ANCIENT ROME ~ Called Malchus according to Western Tradition and Jamblichus in Eastern tradition; he was one of the "Seven Sleepers," a myth that helped to reaffirm the idea of the resurrection of the dead. The story goes that in the year 250 AD, seven soldiers took asylum (from Diocletian persecution) in a cave in Mount Celion, near their native city of Ephesus, during the reign of Emperor Decius. The cave was sealed as punishment, because the seven would not perform pagan sacrifices. Inside the cave, the seven fell into a miraculous sleep. During the reign of Emperor Theodosius II (r. 408-450 AD), the cave was reopened, and the Sleepers awoke. Once the Sleepers explained the meaning of their experience to Theodosius, they died. Theodosius ordered that the Sleepers remains were to be enshrined. The other six were called according to Western tradition (Eastern tradition names): Maximian (Maximilian), Marcian (Martin), John (John), Denis (Dionysius), Serapion (Antonius), and Constantine (Constantine). This story was popular during the Middle Ages in all Christianity and Islam. There are also Greek, Syriac, Coptic, and Georgian versions of the stories. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Malchus, one of the K’tau, thinks SG-1 are "evil elves" sent by Freyr and have brought Ragnarok to their planet when their sun, the Eye of Odin, shifts to the red light spectrum (dimmed). He is also responsible from the destruction of the rocket SG-1 was going to use to send the super-heavy element to their sun (505 – Red Sky).

Marchenko History ~ NAZI GERMANY ~ Ivan Marchenko, better known as "Ivan the Terrible," was the brutal gas chamber guard at Treblinka death camp located in Poland during World War II. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Lieutenant Marchenko was on the Russian Stargate Unit that went on the mission to planet P2X-338 to look for the Eye of Tiamat inside the Ziggurat (508 – The Tomb).

Marduk Myth ~ ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA (in the city of Babylon) ~ [Marduk = Mar ("to destroy, to create") + duk (tug "garment") Also translated as: "Bull-calf of the Sun"]. (Also called: Baal, Belos, Bel, and Amar-utuk in Sumerian) His main temple in Babylon is called Esagila (Sumerian: "Temple of the High Head") and his other temple is the Etemenanki. His name translates to "Bull Calf of the Sun." He was the oldest son of Ea (See Oannes) and Dumkina. He was also husband of Sarpanitu (or Zarpanitu) and father of Nabu. It was said that he had four eyes, four ears, and that fire came from his mouth when he spoke. He was initially a God of Thunderstorms, but then he became a fertility god. He was also the leader of the gods and a gifted magician. In the Enuma Elish, Marduk killed Tiamat (See Omoroca), and from her body he created the earth. This action gave him the status of being the creator of the universe and of humankind. Eventually he had fifty titles as he grew in popularity, but ultimately he was referred to as Bel, which translates to "Lord." The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ The System Lord Marduk raided Kendra’s planet, Jebanna, and took her to be a host (109 – Thor’s Hammer). Marduk was also responsible for the slaying of Omoroca, the mate of Nem, 4000 years ago, when she went to earth to fight the Goa’uld (112 – Fire and Water). Marduk’s dead host was found in the Ziggurat on the planet P2X-338. We learn that he was a tyrant and his priests killed him by locking him in the sarcophagus with the "beast." He entered the body of the “beast” and killed most of the members of the rogue Russian team when they inadvertently released him. He then terrorized SG-1 and their Russian team. He later entered the body of Major Vallarin, one of the Russians. Marduk then threatened to kill the Russian Colonel Zukhov and Jack if they did not tell him where the Eye of Tiamat was. He is most likely dead after SG-1 made the ziggurat explode in a fiery fireball of fiery death as they escaped through the ring transporter (508 – The Tomb).

Mastaba History/Architecture ~ ANCIENT EGYPT ~ (Translation Arabic: mastabah "bench") Workmen first used the term to describe the rectangular, flat-topped stone (and mud brick) superstructures of tombs during Auguste Mariette’s excavation at Saqqarah in 1850 AD. Mastabas are the prototype of the pyramid and started to be used during the First Dynasty. It is a flat-topped rectangular superstructure (above ground) made of mud brick or stone. Beneath it is a shaft, which descends to the burial chamber below. King Djoser and Imhotep made the first full stone mastaba. Atop of this mastaba Imhotep had six unequal mastabas laid, reducing size. This became known as the Step Pyramid at Saqqarah and is the earliest large-scale stone "building" in Ancient Egypt. The tomb below has a complex system of corridors and rooms. B19 is the most famous mastaba in the city of Abydos. At Giza, extensive fields of mastabas surround the three pyramids and are arranged in a grid pattern. These mastabas here were used for the burials of the kings’ officials or the kings’ relatives. Although the majority of these are from the Fourth Dynasty, some are from the Third, Fifth, and Sixth Dynasties. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ This is a fighting style used by the rebel Jaffa of Kytano/Imhotep(518 – The Warrior). This style of fighting is being practiced by the rebel Jaffa on the Alpha Site (P3X-984) (609 – Allegiance).

Memento Mori Language ~ LATIN ~ Translates essentially to "Remember you will die." It is used to remind humans not to be pompous, and that one should be humble. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Vala gets amnesia from Athena’s mind-probe to try to find the Ancients’ treasure map, and goes on the run after Athena’s people try to kill her (1008 – Memento Mori).

Matar Science ~ ASTRONOMY ~ (Hebrew: rain; Arabic: al sa'd matar, the lucky rain) The double-star Matar, also called "eta Peg," is located in the Pegasus constellation. It is 215 light years from earth and is at a mid third-magnitude, 2.95, making it the fifth brightest. The brighter of the two stars is a G2 giant, while the fainter yet hotter is an A5 dwarf. The star is also been said to represent ambition, but with poor judgment. Learn More: The Fixed Stars – Matar and Jim Kaler’s Stars – Matar. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Matar is the right-hand man of Thilana, the leader of the village. Carter tries to hide the entire village from the Ori using Arthur’s Mantle to shift it into a "hidden dimension." Matar and Thilana’s people were previously slaves of the Goa’uld. Matar and some of the villagers want Thilana to join with the Ori to prevent the destruction of their planet. He also discloses SG-1’s actions to the Ori (1012 – Line In The Sand).

Merlin Myth ~ ARTHURIAN LEGEND (Wales, England, France) ~ Also Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys); Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the Wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), and Merlinus (Latin). He was adviser, prophet, scholar, and wizard who watched over King Arthur's conception, birth, and reign. Merlin is also responsible for the making of the Round Table and creates the test of the Sword in the Stone. Most modern renderings of Merlin depict him as an old man, but if you use the texts to create a timeline, he is not much older than forty by the end of the story. Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1100 – 1154) wrote popular versions of the Arthur legends, Prophetiae Merlini (Prophecies of Merlin) and Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), and Vita Merlini ("Life of Merlin"). Monmouth borrows the story of "Child Without a Father" from Historia Brittonum ("History of the Britons;" c.9th century). "Child Without a Father" is about Ambrosius and Monmouth claims it was an alternate name for Merlin. Monmouth says that Merlin’s father was a demon and that is how he got his magical powers. He creates a paradox in his story with Merlin overseeing the construction of Stonehenge as a burial place for Ambrosius. "The character Geoffrey created combines two people, the 5th century prophet and the 6th century poet. He possibly included a third, a hero or god associated with Stonehenge (qtd. Mythica)." Vita Merlini features Merlin’s sister, Ganeida, a prophetess in her own right. Merlin married Elen Lwyddawg ("Elen, Leader of Hosts"), daughter of Coel (Camulus). She founded the city of Carmarthen (Caer Myrddin) and the castle of Dinas Emrys, near modern Beddgelert (in Snowdonia, Wales). The Lady of the Lake (Nimue/Viviane) steals Merlin’s magic and imprisons him in a cave or some other magical palace where he may still live. Merlin may be buried at Bardsey Island. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Merlin/Myrddin, the Ancient, arrived on Earth after the first siege of Atlantis, c. 8000 BC. It is thought he "Un-ascended," although he retained the powers of a hok'taur (advanced human). Daniel theorizes that Merlin moved freely among humans. He later helped King Arthur ascend in the underworld of Avalon. Merlin carved a tablet that leads to Avalon, which Vala brought to the SGC. He appears in hologram form when the team visits Avalon within Glastonbury Tor (901 -- Avalon). On the planet of Camelot, Merlin is regarded as a dark wizard and is rarely mentioned. He hid his library there (920 -- Camelot). Daniel discovers a picture of Moros in the Atlantean database that confirms he and Merlin are the same person (1003 -- The Pegasus Project ). According to Daniel, Morgan was the one who trapped him in a cave and left him frozen there for all eternity (at least "Well over a thousand years"). He had descended to live as a mortal in Arthur’s court. Once "thawed out," Merlin reconfigures the Repository of Knowledge so Daniel can continue building the Weapon. He dies of extreme old age (1011 – The Quest). After Daniel downloads Merlin’s consciousness from the Repository to finish the Sangreal; he is captured by Adria. She turns him into a Prior; however, Merlin’s knowledge protects him. He is able to complete the weapon and uses it against the Ori. Merlin also put a time limit on the amount of time his knowledge would last in a human brain, and Daniel transforms back to his normal self (1014 – The Shroud). The Show (Stargate Atlåntis) ~ See Moros.

Midgard Myth ~ ANCIENT NORSE ~ Also spelled "Midgardr" (Translation of Old Norse: Middle Abode) or called "Manna-Heim" (Translation: Home of Man). The Middle Earth, the home of mortals. It was made from the body of the giant Aurgelmir (Ymir), the first being. When the Gods killed him, his body parts formed different parts of the world. The Midgard is joined to the Asgard by the Bifrost (Rainbow Bridge). The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Gairwyn tells SG-1 that Midgard is the ancient home planet (Earth) from which Thor first brought them to Cimmeria (109 – Thor’s Hammer).

Minoan Culture History ~ ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN/AEGEAN ~ The name "Minoan" is taken from "Minos," who was a king of Crete from Greek legend. It is a Bronze Age civilization on the island of Crete. It thrived from about 3000 BC to about 1100 BC, with its golden age around 1600 BC. The Minoans had trade throughout the Levant and beyond by the later part of the 15th century BC. They also had a writing system (See Linear A) and sophisticated art, which included the frescoes that adorned palace walls. The most common Minoan fresco motifs are: snakes, the "snake-goddess," bulls, and "bull-leaping" (See Thera). Around 1580 BC, the Minoan culture started to spread across the Aegean to neighboring islands and mainland Greece. The most famous Minoan palace is the one at Knossos. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ The "Untouched" (See Broca) of The Land of Light (P3X-797) emulate the Minoan culture and live on the Light side of the planet. High Councilor Tuplo is one of the Untouched (104 – The Broca Divide). The people of the Land of Light have maintained contact with the SGC. They offered the Tollan asylum (116 – Enigma) and later took in Teal’c’s family after they had to flee Chulak (208 – Family).

Mjollinir Myth ~ ANCIENT NORSE ~ The name of Thor’s Hammer. It was a weapon of destruction, fertility, and resurrection. According to legend, Thor used Mjollinir to cause the thunder. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Thor’s Hammer is the gateway to the "Hall of Mjollinir" (or the Labyrinth) on Cimmeria (109 – Thor’s Hammer). Also, possibly the origin of the name for the Tok-ra character Jolinar of Malkshur (see Carter) (202 – In the Line of Duty).

Möebius Mathematics ~ GEOMETRY ~ (also Mœbius) The Möbius Strip is a "continuous one-sided surface that can be formed from a rectangular strip by rotating one end 180 degrees and attaching it to the other end (qtd. Wikipedia)." The strip has only one edge and only one surface. It is named after August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868), a German astronomer and mathematician. He and Johann Benedict Listing discovered it in 1858. Learn More: Wikipedia - Möbius strip. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ SG-1 travels 5000 years back in time using Janus’ Jumper to steal the "Heart of Light" (also known as a ZPM) from Ra before he left Earth. When Dr. Catherine Langford dies, she leaves her collection (including items from the Giza Dig) to Daniel. In Catherine’s collection is an extremely rare, original 1889 edition of The Eye of the Sun. The book refers to a wall painting discovered near Giza in 1885, which shows a ceremony over a religious artifact called the "The Heart of Light." They learn that Ra was in possession of the ZPM but didn’t know what it was. SG-1 infiltrates Ra’s palace and is successful in capturing the ZPM. Carter insists that they do nothing to change the timeline while they are back 5000 years ago. However, they do plan the rebellion that forced Ra to abandon Earth (See: Katep and Salatis). The timeline is changed, but they make it right, and in the end, the only thing that has changed is that there is now fish in O’Neill’s pond (819/820 – Moebius).

Moloch/Moloc Myth ~ ANCIENT LEVANT (Canaan, Syria, Mesopotamia [Babylon], Palestine, Persia [modern Iran], Phoenicia [modern Lebanon], and Ugarit) ~ (From Hebrew Molech, "King" and Bosheth, "Shame") As Moloch means king, it is difficult to tell if it should be thought of as a name of a deity or as a title. He has been identified with Milcom, (National God of the Ammonites), Malik (A pre-Islamic Northern-Arabian god), or Baal. Since the afore mentioned gods are Sun/Fire-Gods and Moloch’s primary function was sacrifice through fire, it is reasonable to say that Moloch was a Sun/Fire-God. The sacrifices were described as "to pass through the fire." Moloch appears in several passages of the Bible. In 1 Kings 11.7, Soloman builds a temple to Chemosh (Moabite National God) and Moloch in the Ben-Hinnom Valley where children were sacrificed. This place is known as Gehenna or Tophet (Although, Tophet is also used to describe the sacrificial altar). According to some sources, the references to Moloch in the Old Testament are not a god, but a specific sacrifice. The Hebrew spelling for Moloch is mlk. However, in the context of "passing through fire," lmlk is used (One theory is that this means "to Moloch"). "It has traditionally been understood to mean burning children alive to the god Moloch. But some have suggested a rite of purification by fire instead, though perhaps a dangerous one (Wikipedia: Moloch)." Otto Eissfeldt discovered inscriptions with the word mlk while excavating in Carthage in 1921. In the context of the description, it meant neither king nor the name of any god. He concluded that it was used to describe human sacrifice. He also found a Tophet to Tanit with thousands of burned infant and animal bodies dating from the 8th century BC to 146 BC. When described as a deity, he was said to be entirely malevolent. He was usually described as a man with a bull’s head. His statues were hollow bronze with gaping mouths in which a fire was built. Children were placed on the hands of the statue, which slid them into the flaming mouth. The people who came to witness the sacrifices often beat drums or tambourines to drown out the victims’ screams. The height of the sacrifices was in the 8th-6th century BC. He has also been compared to the Tyrian god Melqart, Cronus, and the Minotaur. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Moloch is a powerful Goa’uld who controls several planets. Thirty years ago, he decided that only the male children of his Jaffa ranks would be allowed to live. Moloch thought that this would make his army stronger and victorious over his enemies. The female infants are killed in the Ceremony of Fire. Ishta, Moloch’s high priestess, leads the Hak’tyl Resistance, a group of Amazonian Jaffas saved from sacrifice (See also Neith) (710 – Birthright).

Montu Myth ~ ANCIENT EGYPT ~ (Also spelled: Mont, Mentu, Monthu, Monto, Menthu [Greek: Month]; Translates to: "Nomad") His title was Lord of Thebes. Associated with Ra, he was a War God of Upper Egypt and was the Tutelary God of the Theban kings. His sacred animals were the Hawk and the Buchis (a white bull with a black face). As Amun, became more popular in Thebes, he was also said to be the destructive element of the sun's heat. During this time, he was said to slay Ra’s enemies from the prow of the night-boat as it sailed through the Duat (Underworld; See Book of Am-Taut). His worship started in at Thebes; spread throughout Egypt around 2000 BC by the Theban kings. He also had cult centers at Medu (modern Medamud), Karnak, and Hermonthis (10 miles south of Thebes and the capital of the Theban Nome). He is depicted in human form with the head of a falcon. The solar disk, the uraeus (cobra), and two tall plumes crowned him. He often carried the scimitar (Arabic sword with a curved blade), bows and arrows, and knives. During the Eleventh Dynasty, four kings were named after him (Mentuhotep). In the narrative of the Battle of Kadesh, Rameses II ("The Great") was said to have seen the enemy and "raged at them like Montu, Lord of Thebes." The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ He was a minor Goa'uld who served Ra. After Ra was ultimately defeated, be served Baal. Gerak was Montu’s First Prime. Hubrok, an ally of Bra’tac, led Baal’s Jaffa forces. However, approximately four months ago, Hubrok disappeared (903 -- Origin).

Mordred Myth ~ ARTHURIAN LEGEND (Wales, England, France) ~ (Also called: Modred in Cornish/Breton, Medrawd in Welsh, and Medraut in Latin) Born on May Day (May 1), his parentage has several accounts. In earlier Welsh versions, he is the son of Morgause (Arthur's half-sister) and her husband, King Lot of Orkney, and brother to Agravain, Gaheris, Gareth, and Gawain. In later medieval versions, he became the son of Arthur and Morgause, and thus villainous. Mordred is first made evil in the stories of Geoffrey of Monmouth, who also changed his name to Modred. Arthur was given a prophecy that said a child born on May Day would overthrow him. Thus, he placed all babies born on that day on a rickety boat and sent it out to sea. The boat sank and all the babies drowned, except Mordred. Fourteen or so years later, Mordred returns. While Arthur is away in Gaul, fighting the Romans, Mordred and Guinevere rule Camelot jointly. Mordred usurps the throne and makes an alliance with the Saxons. In some versions, Mordred and Guinevere become lovers (other versions pair her with Sir Lancelot). In the Welsh versions, Mordred married Cywyllog, daughter of Caw and they have two sons, Melehan and Melou. He is also said to have been married to Gwenhwyfach, sister of Gwenhwyfar (Guinevere). Arthur hears of the treachery of Mordred and returns. They meet at Camlann where a battle ensues. Arthur kills Mordred, but not before Mordred mortally wounds Arthur. Learn More: EBK: Arthurian Literature: Sir Mordred. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Valencia and her brother pretend to be Mordred and Arthur while practicing sword fighting. Antonius (Camelot's historian) tells SG-1 that Mordred did not fatally would Arthur at Camlann. Arthur did succeed in defeating him though. After which, he left to search for the the Sangreal (920 -- Camelot). Merlin mistakes Baal for him (1011 – The Quest).

Morgan Le Fay Myth ~ ARTHURIAN LEGEND (Wales, England, France) ~ (Also: Morgain la Fee/Fey, Morganna, Morgen, Morgue, Morgne, or Fata Morgana; and possibly Morgause/Anna) (From the male Welsh name Morcant, "Brilliance") She possibly originates with Dea Matrona (Goddess of the Marne River in Gaul), Modron ("Divine Mother," Welsh Fertility Goddess, daughter of Afallach, God of the Underworld), or Morrígan. After the Welsh legends, she next appears in the romance Erec and Enide by Chrétien de Troyes around 1170. She is the half-sister of King Arthur, as she is the daughter of Igraine (Ygerna) and Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall; while Arthur is the son of Igraine and Uther Pendragon. Arthur was said to have up to four (half or full) sisters: Elaine/Blasine, Morgause, Anna, and Morgan le Fay. Usually, Morgause and Anna are thought to have been the same person and have been, over the centuries, combined with Morgan le Fay. Morgan married King Lot and with him she was the mother of Sir Gawain, Gaheris, Agravain, and Gareth. With Arthur, she was the mother of Mordred. Gaheris killed her when he discovered her affair with Lamorak (the son of the man who killed Lot). She is also said to have been married to Urien and has Owain (Yvain) by him. Geoffrey of Monmouth alludes that she had connections to the fairy realm, as she is a magical priestess in his Vita Merlini. She is said to have been the leader of a "sisterhood of nine" who lived on Avalon. Originally she was a beautiful, powerful, kind and caring fairy who aids Arthur as a healer. Later, as Christianity humanizes her, she becomes a villain to suppress the strong feminine archetype. She is reduced to a scheming witch and practitioner of black magic. However, she is never entirely evil as she is associated with art and culture. It was also said that Merlin taught her black magic. Morgan also had a rivalry with Queen Guinevere as Guinevere put an end to a tryst Morgan was having with Guiomar (Guinevere’s cousin), while she was the queen’s lady-in-waiting. She later sent the Green Knight to Camelot to try to frighten Guinevere to death. Morgan later fell in love with Lancelot and kidnapped him. She held him prisoner until he would submit to being her lover; he never agreed. Later, Morgan takes Sir Accolon as a lover in order to try to steal the throne and Excalibur from Arthur. With the Queen of the Northgales (Northgalis), the Queen of the Wasteland, and the Lady of the Lake (Nimue/Vivienne), Morgan took the dying Arthur to Avalon. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Morgan Le Fay once lived in a cave overlooking the village on Vagonbrei. A handwritten entry from the village doctor mentions a sleeping sickness that affected the town. The villagers believed she cursed them for revealing her whereabouts to King Arthur and his knights (1002 – Morpheus). Daniel and Vala visit Atlantis in the quest for Merlin’s weapon and the location of Castiana (Taoth Vaclarush) and Sahal (Valos Cor). While investigating the Ancient Database there, they discover that the holographic interface is not part of the computer, but Morgan La Fay herself. She reveals that the other Ancients sent her to watch the descended Merlin while he was creating the anti-Ori weapon. However, the Ancients stop her just before she can reveal the weapon’s location (1003 -- The Pegasus Project). She hid the Sangreal on Osric's planet. Her Ancient name is Ganos Lal. According to Daniel, Morgan was the one who trapped Merlin in a cave and left him frozen there for all eternity (1010/1011 – The Quest).

Moros Myth ~ ANCIENT GREECE ~ ("Doom") He was the personification of impending doom in Greek mythology. He was the son of Nyx (See Nox) and Erebus. He was the brother of the Moirae ("Apportioners;" the Fates, personifications of destiny) and Thanatos. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ See Merlin. The Show (Stargate Atlåntis) ~ He was a Councilmember of Atlantis right before the Ancients abandoned the city (c. 8000 BC) due to the Wraith attacks. He opposed Janus’ time machine. He was one of the last to return to Earth before the city was sunk (115 - Before I Sleep).

Morpheus Myth ~ ANCIENT GREECE ~ (Morphe "He Who Forms, Shapes, Moulds") He was the God of Dreams, and represents the features and speech of men (Ovid, Metamorphoses XI. 635). He was said to be responsible for the dreams of heroes and kings. He was the son of Hypnos (God of Sleep) with Pasithea (one of the Charities and associated with hallucination and relaxation), and nephew of Thanatos. He is also either the son Nyx alone or of Nyx and Erebus. He is mostly found in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. He is said to sleep on an ebony bed in a dark, poppy-flower-decorated cave. He is one of the Oneiroi ("Son of Hypnos"), along with Phobetor ("Frightening," personification of nightmares in the form of animals or monsters; origin of "phobia") and Phantasos ("Apparition," appeared in the form of inanimate objects; origin of "fantasy"). Sometimes there is a fourth brother, Icelus (realistic dreams); however this is usually considered as an alternate name for Phobetor. Morpheus was the most powerful of his brothers and ordered them on what would appear in the dream and what type of dream they would send. They sent "deceitful dreams...through an ivory gate, while the true...ones issue[d] from a gate made of horn (Homer, Odyssey XIX. 562, etc.)." The Oneiroi lived on the extreme western shores of Oceanus (near the entrance to Hades) and were depicted with black-wings. As they were personifications, they were considered demigods. Learn More: Theoi.com – Morpheus. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Through the legend of Sir Gawain, Daniel learns the location of Vagonbrei. Once on the planet, the SG teams fall victim to a mysterious illness that causes the victim to fall asleep and eventually succumb to a lethal aneurysm. The aneurysm was caused by a native microscopic parasite, which feeds on melatonin, a hormone produced in the pineal gland in the brain, which regulates sleep. A lizard on Vagonbrei (the only living thing on the planet) possesses a natural immunity. According to a log left by the village doctor, the illness was a curse placed on the villagers by Morgan Le Fay for revealing her whereabouts to King Arthur and his knights (1002 – Morpheus).

Morrígan Myth ~ ANCIENT IRELAND ~ (Celtic Translation: Mór, "Great"; Rigan "Queen") Depicted wearing armor and armed. (Pronounced: More Ree-an) Also sometimes called Morrigu, she is a Goddess of War, Strife, and Fertility. She is usually depicted as a crow wearing a hood. She is also a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann. She originates with the "Mother" cult from megalithic times, in which the goddesses were depicted in the guise of the "triple goddesses" (similar to Selene/Phoebe/Artemis of Classical Greek Tradition). Morrígan is either depicted as one goddess or a trio of goddesses (Badb (also spelled Badhbh) ["Crow"], Macha ["Crow"], and Nemain ["Frenzy"]). Morrígan loved the hero Cu Chulainn (son of the god Lugh), but he rejected her. In retaliation for him spurning her love, she impedes him in battle, and thus he is slain. She then sat on the shoulder of his corpse in the form of a crow. Some of her other forms/guises are: Cathubodva ("Battle Raven," a goddess of the Gaulish (French) Celts), The Washer at the Ford (a woman who "washes the clothes" of men about to die in battle, as foreshadowing), Murigen (a minor lake goddess of Ireland), Macha (she feeds on the slain enemies’ heads), Badb (carrion-crow "Badb Catha;" confuses men in battle with magic). Morgan Le Fay of Arthurian Legend may have originated with Morrígan. She is married to Dagda [translation: "The Good God"] (also called: Daghda, Dagde, Dagodevas, Cian), who is the Irish-Celt god of the Earth and Treaties. He also ruled over life and death. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ One of her tactics is to use her human servants (called "lo’taur") to spy on and coerce information out of her enemies servants through idle conversation. Along with Baal, Bastet, Kali, Olokun, Svarog, and Yu, she is one of the seven System Lords meeting at the neutral zone of the Hassara System. Osiris was a surprise guest (515 – Summit). She votes to reinstate Anubis into the System Lords (516 – Last Stand). She once controlled the planet P3X-289. Remains of her rule were discovered in the city of Danann in the Territory of Mahg Mar. She abandoned the planet for some unknown reason (705 – Revisions). She surrendered to Baal in the War of the System Lords. It is thought that she is now in his service (813 – It’s Good To Be King).

Mot Myth ~ ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA ~ (Translation: "Death") The Canaanite and Phoenician God of Death, the Underworld, and Sterility; he is the archenemy of Baal. Mot is the son of El (The Supreme God) and the brother of Baal, Anat (Earth Goddess of Love and War), and Yamm. Mot challenged Baal to come to the underworld and to eat mud, which is the food of the dead. This killed Baal. El ordered that Baal be revived, however Mot refused. Anat kills Mot and dismembers his body, burns it, grinds it like grain, and scatters it across the Earth. This brings Baal back to life. This story explains the change of seasons. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ He is an Under-Lord of Baal. In a plot to overthrow him, Mot is planning to use naquadah from P4S-237 (one of Baal’s abandoned planets) to destroy the SGC, thus trying to impress Anubis. Mot is shot and presumably killed by Natania, one of the enslaved natives (621 – Prophecy).

Moughal History ~ ANCIENT CHINA/MONGOLIA ~ (Also spelled Mogul, Moghul, or Mughal) It is the Muslim dynasty that conquered most of northern India and ruled it from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. They are most noted for their effort to create an Indian state by uniting Hindus and Muslims. For seven generations, they were also noted for their administrative organization. Babur, a Mongolian Prince, founded the dynasty. He reigned 1526-30. He was "descended from the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) on his father’s side and from Chagatai, second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side." After being exiled from Central Asia, his ancestral domain, he conquered Punjab, India from Kabul, his capitol. He eventually controlled all of northern India at the time of his death in 1530. The borders of his domain were from the Indus River on the west to Bihar on the east and from the Himalayas south to Gwalior. The Show (Stargåte SG-1) ~ Moughal is the Chieftain of the Shavadai, "People of the Steppe," who may be descendants of the Chagatai. They live on the planet of Simarka (P3X-593). The Shavadai are exceptional warriors and expert horsemen (103 – Emancipation).

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